O-type/V-type ball valve structural principle

 

Ball valves come in many structures, but they are fundamentally similar. The opening and closing element is a circular ball. They mainly consist of a valve seat, ball, sealing ring, valve stem, and other actuating mechanisms. The valve opens and closes by rotating the valve stem 90 degrees. In pipelines, they are used for shutting off, distributing, regulating flow, and changing the direction of media flow. Different valve seat sealing methods are used depending on the operating conditions. Valve body structures include one-piece, two-piece, and three-piece types.

 

 

An O-type ball valve has a ball with a central through-hole inside the valve body. The ball has a through-hole with a diameter equal to the pipe diameter. The ball can rotate within the sealing seat. There are two annular elastic elements on either side of the valve in the pipe direction to achieve a seal. By rotating the ball 90°, the direction of the through-hole is changed, thus opening and closing the ball valve.

 

The O-type ball valve has a spherical valve core (ball). Structurally, when sealing, the ball seat is embedded in the valve body side seat. All moving parts use self-lubricating materials with a low coefficient of friction, resulting in low operating torque. Furthermore, the long-term sealing with grease makes the operation more flexible. It is generally used for two-position regulation and has a quick-opening flow characteristic.

 

 

When fully open, the O-type ball valve operates without obstruction on both sides, forming a straight pipe passage with bidirectional sealing. It features excellent self-cleaning properties and is suitable for two-position shut-off applications involving particularly unclean or fibrous media. The ball core constantly rubs against the valve during opening and closing. Simultaneously, the seal between the valve core and seat is achieved through the pre-tightening sealing force of the seat pressing against the ball core. However, due to the superior mechanical and physical properties of the soft-seal valve seat, its sealing performance is particularly excellent.

 

 

The V-type ball valve features a V-shaped ball core, which is a quarter-ball shell with a V-shaped notch. It offers high flow capacity, a wide adjustable range, shear force, and tight sealing, making it particularly suitable for applications involving fibrous fluids. Generally, V-type ball valves are single-seal valves and not suitable for bidirectional use.

 

The valve core has a V-shaped edge, and the ball has a V-shaped opening. As the ball rotates, the flow rate can be adjusted by changing the area of ​​the opening, and it can also cut off impurities in the fluid to close it. It is suitable for controlling pulp, mortar, and viscous fluids.

 

 

The V-shaped edge cuts off impurities. During the rotation of the ball, the V-shaped edge of the ball is tangential to the valve seat, thereby cutting off fibers and solid substances in the fluid. Ordinary ball valves do not have this function, which easily leads to fiber impurities getting stuck when closing, causing inconvenience for maintenance. The valve core of a V-type ball valve will not be stuck by fibers. Furthermore, due to the flange connection, it is easy to disassemble and assemble, requiring no special tools, and maintenance is simple and easy. When the valve is closed, the V-shaped notch and the valve seat create a wedge-shaped shearing action, which has both a self-cleaning function and prevents the ball core from getting stuck. The valve body, valve cover, and valve seat each adopt a metal point-to-point structure. In addition, a valve stem spring with a low coefficient of friction is used; therefore, the operating torque is small and very stable.